April 25
1599 Oliver Cromwell, English soldier and statesman; Lord Protector of England, Scotland and Ireland 1653-8, was born.
1849 The Governor General of Canada, Lord Elgin, signs the Rebellion Losses Bill, outraging Montreal's English population and triggering the Montreal Riots.
1859 British and French engineers break ground for the Suez Canal.
1874 Guglielmo Marconi, Italian Nobel Prize winning physicist 1909 and inventor, was born in Bologna, Italy.
1900 Wolfgang Pauli, Austrian born Nobel Prize winning physicist (1945), was born.
1915 World War I: The Battle of Gallipoli begins—The invasion of the Turkish Gallipoli Peninsula by Australian, British, French and New Zealand troops begins with landings at Anzac Cove and Cape Helles. ANZAC Day in Australia and New Zealand.
1953 Francis Crick and James D. Watson publish "Molecular Structure of Nucleic Acids: A Structure for Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid" describing the double helix structure of DNA.
1959 The St. Lawrence Seaway, linking the North American Great Lakes and the Atlantic Ocean, officially opens to shipping.
April 26
1607 An expedition of English colonists went ashore at Cape Henry, Va., to establish the first permanent English settlement in the Western Hemisphere. (They later settled at Jamestown.)
1785 John James Audubon, West Indian born American Naturalist, ornithologist, and artist was born in Haiti.
1822 Frederick Law Olmsted, American landscape architect; designed Central Park in New York City.
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