July 25
315 The Arch of Constantine is completed near the Colosseum at Rome to commemorate Constantine I's victory over Maxentius at the Milvian Bridge.
1593 France's King Henry IV converted from Protestantism to Roman Catholicism.
1755 British governor Charles Lawrence and the Nova Scotia Council order the deportation of the Acadians. Thousands of Acadians are sent to the British Colonies in America, France and England. Some later move to Louisiana, while others resettle in New Brunswick.
1814 At Lundy's Lane, near Niagara Falls, the bloodiest battle of the War of 1812 was fought. During a six-hour afternoon encounter, Lieutenant-General Gordon Drummond with 2,800 men engaged an invading American army which had recently been victorious at Chippawa. Both sides claimed victory. The Americans withdrew the following day, ending their offensive in Upper Canada.
1978 The 1st baby conceived by in-vitro fertilization was born in Oldham, England.
July 26
1758 French and Indian War: the Siege of Louisbourg ends with British forces defeating the French and taking control of the Gulf of Saint Lawrence.
1945 Winston Churchill resigned as Britain's prime minister after his Conservatives were soundly defeated by the Labour Party. Clement Attlee became the new Prime Minister.
1953 Fidel Castro began a revolt against Fulgencio Batista with an unsuccessful attack on an army barracks in eastern Cuba.
1956 Egyptian President Gamal Abdel Nasser nationalized the Suez Canal.
July 27
1794 French revolutionary leader Maximilien Robspierre was overthrown and placed under arrest. He was executed the following day.
1866 After two failures, Cyrus W. Field succeeded in laying the first underwater telegraph cable between North America and Europe.
1940 Bugs Bunny made his debut in the Warner Bros. animated cartoon "A Wild Hare."
2003 Bob Hope, comedian, died at age 100.
July 28
1540 King Henry VIII's chief minister, Thomas Cromwell, was executed. The same day, the English monarch married Catherine Howard, the fifth of his six wives.
1750 Johann Sebastian Bach, composer, died in Leipzig, Germany, at age 65.
1866 Beatrix Potter, English author of children's books, was born.
1914 Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia. WW I began.
1945 A US Army bomber crashed into the 79th floor of the New York City's Empire State building, killing 14 people.
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