November 12
1815 Elizabeth Cady Stanton, American suffragist, was born in Johnstown, N.Y.
1927 Josef Stalin became the undisputed ruler of the Soviet Union as Leon Trotsky was expelled from the Communist Party.
1945 Neil Young, Canadian singer and guitarist, was born.
1954 Ellis Island closed after processing more than 20 million immigrants since opening in New York Harbor in 1892.
1990 Tim Berners-Lee published a formal proposal for the World Wide Web.
1999 President Bill Clinton signed a sweeping measure knocking down Depression-era barriers and allowing banks, investment firms and insurance companies to sell each other's products.
November 13
1002 English king Æthelred II ordered the killing of all Danes in England, known today as the St. Brice's Day massacre.
1312 Edward III, English King 1327-77, was born.
1775 American forces occupied Montreal during the Revolution.
1789 Benjamin Franklin wrote in a letter to a friend, "In this world nothing can be said to be certain, except death and taxes."
1927 The Holland Tunnel linking New York City and New Jersey beneath the Hudson River opened to the public.
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