November 8
1602 The Bodleian Library at Oxford University opened to the public.
1656 Edmond Halley, English astronomer and mathematician, was born.
1895 While experimenting with electricity, Wilhelm Röntgen discovered the X-ray.
2011 The potentially hazardous asteroid 2005 YU55 passed 0.85 lunar distances from Earth (about 324,600 kilometres or 201,700 miles), the closest known approach by an asteroid of its brightness since 2010 XC15 in 1976.
November 9
1620 Pilgrims aboard the Mayflower sighted land at Cape Cod, Massachusetts.
1917 Joseph Stalin entered the provisional government of Bolshevik Russia.
1934 Carl Sagan, American astronomer, was born.
1938 Nazis looted and burned synagogues and Jewish-owned stores and houses in Germany and Austria on Kristallnacht, the "night of broken glass."
1965 The great Northeast blackout occurred as several states and parts of Canada were hit by a series of power failures lasting up to 13 1/2 hours.
1970 Former French president Charles De Gaulle died at age 79.
1989 Communist East Germany threw open its borders, allowing citizens to travel freely to the West. Joyous Germans danced atop the Berlin Wall.
November 10
1483 Martin Luther, leader of the Protestant Reformation, was born in Eisleben, Germany.
1871 Journalist-explorer Henry Morton Stanley found missing Scottish missionary Dr. David Livingstone in central Africa and delivered his famous greeting: "Dr. Livingstone, I presume?"
1925 Richard Burton, Welsh stage and film actor, was born.
1969 "Sesame Street" debuted on PBS.
1975 The ore-hauling ship Edmund Fitzgerald sank during a storm in Lake Superior. All 29 crew members died.
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